2 Multiple authors 6, 28– 30 suggest that any rotation or protrusion of an anterior tooth, Class II division 1 or 2 malocclusion, Class III reverse overjets, asymmetries or posterior crossbites, diastemas between maxillary central incisors, ectopically erupted canines, missing teeth (particularly posterior teeth), and tooth length compromise the embouchure and adversely affect a musician playing a brass instrument. 6 Eleven percent of junior high musicians complained of pain in either the upper or lower front teeth because of long practice sessions, dental spacing or unevenness, or a sharp edge or point on a tooth. 27 Trumpeters who practice many hours complain of loose front teeth. Orthodontic problems are listed as one of the most common orofacial disorders affecting musicians. 2, 3, 6, 15– 26 The lingual force of trumpet playing is also hypothesized to affect the quality of trumpet performance. The lingual force applied on the lips during trumpet playing is hypothesized to have various effects including causing tooth movement, although this point is controversial.
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